DescriptionFor approval in 2023.

DescriptionThe project will reduce trans-boundary animal diseases (TAD), food safety and zoonotic disease risks and strengthen livestock value chains and COVID-19 responses through investments in infrastructure, capacity building and policy support. The project will have the following outcome: health, value chains, and formal trade of livestock and livestock products improved. The project will be aligned with the following impact: GMS vision as a leading supplier of safe and environmentally friendly agriculture products realized. Output 1: Livestock health and value chain infrastructure expanded and upgraded in a climate-friendly manner. The output will establish DCZs comprising feedlots, quarantine facilities, laboratories, and health inspection and vaccination facilities in priority border areas. It will address critical infrastructure gaps in livestock health systems and value chains by developing (i) breeding and waste management facilities; (ii) slaughtering, processing, and cold storage facilities; and (iii) market infrastructure, which are gender-responsive and integrate climate change mitigation and adaptation measures. It will finance remodeling and improvement of laboratories, and zoonotic disease and AMR control facilities. Establishing DCZs is expected to leverage private sector investment in value chain facilities, such as feedlots, slaughtering, processing, packaging and cold chains, biogas digesters and bio-fertilizer factories. Priority border areas for DCZs include those between Yunnan province, the PRC and Lao PDR; Myanmar and Thailand; and borders between Cambodia and Viet Nam. DCZs will be extended to trade routes between Cambodia and Thailand; Lao PDR and Viet Nam; and Myanmar and Thailand. Targeted investments in shared SPS facilities will be considered. Operations and maintenance plans for infrastructure, involving smallholders, will be developed.Output 2: Capacity for improved production and health of livestock and livestock products strengthened. The output will strengthen capacities of government staff in areas, such as (i) animal health services and extension; (ii) disease risk analysis and communication, (iii) field epidemiology, early detection, and hazard monitoring; (iv) laboratory business plans, protocols, and accreditation; (v) TADs, safety, and AMR risk management; (vi) emergency preparedness and responses; (vii) traceability systems; (viii) livestock and meat inspection; (ix) operation of feedlots and quarantine facilities; and (x) cold chain management. A gender-responsive information technology-based platform for preventing livestock epidemics and an e-traceability system will be piloted. Government staff will be trained on (i) hazard analysis and critical control points, (ii) good manufacturing practices towards certification for ISO 22000 or equivalent; (iii) certification of livestock service providers, and (iv) integration of e-traceability systems in disease risk communication and management systems harmonized with ASEAN standards. Smallholders will receive training on disease reporting, monitoring, and livestock value addition options.Output 3: Enabling policies for better supply, health, safety, and trade in livestock and livestock products enhanced. This output will provide gender-responsive policy support for (i) effectively integrating smallholders and promoting women's roles in livestock production and value addition; (ii) recognizing equivalence and harmonization of quality and safety systems in the GMS to support the formalization of trade in livestock and livestock products; (iii) incentivizing the use of e-traceability systems; and (iv) mobilizing the private sector investment into DCZs, feedlots, and processing facilities, including those related to COVID-19 responses.ImpactGMS vision as a leading supplier of safe and environment-friendly agriculture products realized

DescriptionProject objectives. The proposed project will assist the government in addressing climate vulnerabilities and enhancing public health and economic conditions by ensuring inclusive access to safe, reliable, climate-resilient, and sustainable WSS services for the residents of Andijan, Djizzak and Fergana provinces; and the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The project will help upgrade and expand the WSS infrastructure in the project regions and support regional suvtaminots in implementing transformational changes. The physical investments will be supplemented with targeted institutional strengthening, including enhancement of operational capabilities of regional suvtaminots on the development of district metering areas (DMAs) and NRW reduction practices. This will involve establishing specialized operations and maintenance (O&M) teams for effective management of both new and rehabilitated WSS assets to ensure sustainable and resilient WSS service delivery. Furthermore, the project will promote awareness of water conservation, health, sanitation, and hygiene with particular emphasis on empowering women and vulnerable populations.ImpactEnvironment, health, and living conditions of residents in the Republic of Karakalpakstan and the provinces of Andijan, Djizzak, and Fergana enhancedResilience and adaptation to climate change and related hazards increased, and vulnerability of water resources reduced in Uzbekistan

DescriptionThe proposed project will build a bridge across the Fanga'uta Lagoon in Nuku'alofa, the capital of the Kingdom of Tonga (Tonga). The crossing will consist of an approximately 720 m long bridge and 4.96 km of approach roads from Nuku'alofa to Vaini, southern Tongatapu. The project will (i) provide reduced traffic congestion and shorter journey for people living in or traveling to and from Nuku'alofa and the southern parts of Tongatapu; (ii) provide an evacuation route to higher areas in the event of a tsunami and extreme weather events; and (iii) facilitate long-term climate change-induced relocation of communities currently living in low-lying areas to higher areas.ImpactTransport sector enhanced to sustain economic growth (Tonga Strategic Development Framework 2015-2025).

DescriptionThe project will support Ho Chi Minh City People's Committee and their government to finance sound wastewater and drainage system in the remaining catchments, thereby strengthening its foundation as the socioeconomic growth pole of southern Viet Nam. The impact of the project will be improved surface water quality and drainage capacity in HCMC. The outcome will be increased wastewater and drainage collection and treatment capacity in key catchments in HCMC. Project outputs will (i) upgrade the existing combined sewer system with interceptors; (ii) construct new separate sewer pipeline systems for storm run-off and sewage, and advanced centralized wastewater treatment plants; (iii) strengthen septage management of household septic tanks by a developing desludge and collection scheme with appropriate equipment and vehicles; and (iv) capacity building and institutional strengthening of the implementing agency for medium- and long-term strategic planning for sewage and drainage, and asset construction and management skills including private sector participation, the operating agencies for operation and maintenance and climate resilient disaster management planning, and the local people for awareness raising.ImpactLivability and climate resilience in Ho Chi Minh City improved

ImpactStrengthening Ha Tinh City as the regional center for green, supporting climate resilient urban development in the central north region

DescriptionThe proposed Delhi-SNB Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) Investment Project is financing the second of three prioritized rail corridors of the planned RRTS network in the National Capital Region (NCR) of India. The Delhi-SNB RRTS will pass through the densely populated sections of the NCR, connecting urban nodes across Delhi, Gurugram, and the Shahjahanpur-Neemrana-Behror (SNB) urban complex in the state of Rajasthan. This 107-kilometer (km) corridor will provide a safe, reliable, and efficient commuter system with stations at every 5 to 10 km. It will facilitate high-speed mobility through high-frequency operations of 5-10 minutes, and a design speed of 180 km per hour. The project will finance the construction of the corridor, 11 elevated and 5 underground stations, track work, traction, and maintenance facilities. The proposed corridor will also support integrated land use planning and urban development through the implementation of land value capture and transit-oriented development pilot projects.ImpactUrban mobility in the National Capital Region improved

DescriptionIn the Laguna area, the government has prioritized improvement of public transport and is developing the South Commuter Rail Project, connecting Manila and Calamba. The government also released the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program in 2017 to improve the efficiency of road-based public transport operations, and started to establish bus terminals, such as the Paranaque Integrated Terminal Exchange, for more efficient and convenient bus operations. However, because the road network connecting NCR and Laguna Province is in poor condition and the two main corridors, i.e., the South Luzon Expressway and the Manila South road, are heavily congested (paragraph 4), promotion of public transport alone cannot meet the heavy traffic demands in the area. Alongside promotion of public transport, an enhanced road network is critical to address the transport issues in the area, including reducing traffic congestions.ImpactEfficiency of the transport sector will be enhanced to sustain economic growth

ImpactAugmenting availability, reliability and quality of fresh water resources to meet essential agricultural, energy, municipal and environmental needs

DescriptionMost of Vanuatu's population has access to basic health services for child and maternal health and for some communicable and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) (mainly through development partner support). These basic services are, however, not meeting the increasing health needs and complexity of chronic disease management. The Ministry of Health is committed to expanding NCD services by delivering specialized NCD services through two clinics: one in Port Vila (opened April 2022) for the population in the south, and one planned for Luganville (on Santo Island, which is the second most populated island) serving the population in the north. The NCD clinics would relieve the burden of NCD management on the hospitals, while retaining a close coordination and referral pathway with the hospital to manage patients requiring surgical interventions. Having two NCD clinics would improve service delivery to local populations especially for patient surveillance, chronic disease management, and allow more targeted local health promotion. ImpactHealth seeking behavior improved (National Sustainable Development Plan 2016-2030)

Cook islands: muri sanitation projectproject name muri sanitation projectproject number 53075-001country economy cook islandsproject status proposedproject type modality of assistance loansource of funding amountloan: muri sanitation projectordinary capitalresourcesus 20.00millionstrategic agendasdrivers of changesector subsector for classification genderdescriptionproject rationale and linkage tocountryregional strategyimpactoutcomeoutputsgeographical locationsummary of environmental and social aspectsenvironmental aspectsinvoluntary resettlementindigenous peoplesstakeholder communication, participation, and consultationduring project designduring project implementationresponsible adb officer katich, kristina n.responsible adb department pacific departmentresponsible adb division pauw, pacific departmenttimetableconcept clearance 30 mar 2023fact finding 30 jan 2023 to 30 jan 2023mrm 09 mar 2023approval -last review mission -last pds update 16 oct 2022project page https:.adb.orgprojects53075-001mainrequest forinformationhttp:.adb.orgformsrequest-information-formsubject=53075-001date generated 20 may 2024adb provides the information contained in this project data sheet pds solely as a resourcefor its users without any form of assurance. whilst adb tries to provide high quality content,the information are provided as is without warranty of any kind, either express or implied,including without limitation warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose,and non-infringement. adb specifically does not make any warranties or representations asto the accuracy or completeness of any such information.source url: https:.adb.orgprojects53075-001main

DescriptionThe Sindh Coastal Resilience Sector Project (SCRP) will support the development of a prosperous and resilient coastal region. Enhancing livelihood opportunities in the coastal region requires simultaneous improvement of the physical environment. SCRP will strengthen the building blocks of resilience: the underlying physical and non-physical elements that support the protection, improve health and food security, and enable sustainable development of the communities in the coastal areas.ImpactResilience of local communities against the adverse impacts of climate change enhanced.Impacts of flood events to coastal communities minimized.

DescriptionThe government has requested ADB support to improve urban services in (i) secondary towns including provincial headquarters, and towns of cultural, touristic, and economic importance; and (ii) small towns that are being prepared under the ongoing Urban Water Supply and Sanitation (Sector) Project (UWSSP). Selection criteria for supported subprojects will be identified before fact-finding. The project will be aligned with the following impact: public health in secondary and small towns improved. The outcome of the project is access to resilient, inclusive, and sustainable urban services in secondary and small towns increased. The outcome will be achieved through the following three outputs:Output 1: Resilient urban water infrastructure commissioned. The project will support the development of gender equality and social inclusion (GESI)-responsive, climate- and disaster-resilient water supply and drainage infrastructure and systems in secondary and small towns. This is broadly expected to include the construction of or improvements to raw water intake systems, water treatment plants, storage reservoirs, transmission and distribution networks (including district metering areas to enhance system efficiency), metered household connections, and natural and artificial drainage systems. Output 2: Sanitation infrastructure and systems strengthened. The project will support the development of GESI-responsive, climate- and disaster-resilient sanitation infrastructure and systems in secondary and small towns. This is expected to include (i) construction of or improvements to sewers, pumping stations, and service connections; (ii) supply of fecal sludge emptying and transport equipment where sewers are not feasible; (iii) construction of or improvements to sewage and fecal sludge treatment plants, and nature-based treatment systems such as constructed wetlands; and (iv) design of solid waste management interventions. Strengthened sanitation infrastructure and systems will provide better services to all people, especially benefitting women, children, the poor, and the disadvantaged.Output 3: Enabling environment for sustainable and resilient urban services strengthened. This is expected to include various initiatives designed to strengthen the capacity of government, municipalities, TDF, communities, and other stakeholders to deliver, manage, maintain, and strengthen assets and systems developed through the project, and to be more resilient to the impacts of climate change and natural hazards. Specific initiatives may include (i) GESI-responsive multi-hazard risk management planning for new and existing urban assets, (ii) hygiene awareness and behavioral change campaigns, and (iii) advocacy to promote willingness to pay and financial sustainability of urban services.The cause-effect relationships between access to urban services and public health are well established and are recognized in the government's policy frameworks for the WASH sector. The main challenge in the realization of the project impact is expected to be the sustainability of project interventions, in particular, the long-term O&M of assets, its associated funding, and sustaining positive hygiene behaviors. This assumption is supported by a review of lessons learned from water and sanitation projects in Nepal and South Asia. For this reason, the enabling environment will be a strong focus in due diligence and project design.ImpactPublic health in secondary and small towns improved

DescriptionThe project will support the government to achieve the outcome: effective and sustainable flood risk management systems made operational and well maintained. There are three outputs with an estimated investment of $275 million: (i) institutional and planning capacities for flood risk management improved; (ii) dike systems in Red-Thai Binh and Ma rivers rehabilitated and upgraded; and (iii) flood forecasting and early warning systems for Red-Thai Binh and Ma rivers modernized.ImpactClimate change impact responded to and flood-related disasters prevented

DescriptionThe project will support the Government of the Philippines to enhance agricultural diversification and food value chain development in Mindanao through (i) promoting private investments in agro-industry; (ii) improving agricultural logistics and services; and (iii) enhancing product quality and competitiveness.ImpactEconomic opportunities in agriculture expanded in Mindanao

ImpactHealth-related Sustainable Development Goals achieved by 2030.

DescriptionThe project will support sustainable, resilient and inclusive ocean-based tourism development in Coron and El Nido in Palawan Province, through: (i) improvements in urban infrastructure needed to reduce pollution and improve oceans health, and expand access to basic urban services, (ii) marine ecosystems protection at key tourist sites by reducing tourism pressures, and promoting of alternative livelihoods to address overexploitation of marine resources, and (iii) support for tourism micro-small-and-medium enterprise (MSME) recovery through productivity upgrading support, and skills training for tourism-sector workers, with a focus on digital technologies. Each project output includes specific gender and social inclusion enhancement measures.ImpactTourism in participating destinations is more sustainable, inclusive, competitive and resilient

Indonesia: geothermal power generation projectsecond additional financingproject namegeothermal power generation project secondadditional financingproject number 52282-003country economy indonesiaproject status proposedproject type modality of assistance loansource of funding amountloan: geothermal power generation projectadditional financingordinary capitalresourcesus 150.00 millionoperational prioritiesop2: accelerating progress in gender equalityop3: tackling climate change, building climateand disaster resilience, and enhancingenvironmental sustainabilityop6: strengthening governance and institutionalcapacitysector subsectorenergy renewable energy generation -geothermalgender effective gender mainstreamingdescriptionproject rationale and linkage tocountryregional strategyimpactoutcomeoutputsgeographical location nation-widesafeguard categoriesenvironment binvoluntary resettlement bindigenous peoples csummary of environmental and social aspectsenvironmental aspectsinvoluntary resettlementindigenous peoplesstakeholder communication, participation, and consultationduring project designduring project implementationresponsible adb officer miller, danielresponsible adb department sectors groupresponsible adb division energy sector office sg-eneexecuting agencies pt geo dipa energi perserotimetableconcept clearance 04 mar 2024fact finding 24 apr 2024 to 01 may 2024mrm -approval -last review mission -last pds update 06 mar 2024project page https:.adb.orgprojects52282-003mainrequest forinformationhttp:.adb.orgformsrequest-information-formsubject=52282-003date generated 20 may 2024adb provides the information contained in this project data sheet pds solely as a resourcefor its users without any form of assurance. whilst adb tries to provide high quality content,the information are provided as is without warranty of any kind, either express or implied,including without limitation warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose,and non-infringement. adb specifically does not make any warranties or representations asto the accuracy or completeness of any such information.source url: https:.adb.orgprojects52282-003main

DescriptionThe proposed project aims to (i) improve the living environment in Dhanbad, and (ii) reduce pollution in the Damodar River by establishing climate-resilient sewer networks and on-site sanitation facilities in areas that are not conducive for pipe networks to provide improved sanitation services to 100% of the residents. It will also address capacity and institutional constraints for efficient and sustainable sewerage service delivery.ImpactSustainable cities developed that are spatially, economically, and socially inclusive

DescriptionThe proposed Second Improving Governance and Public Sector Efficiency Program (IGPSEP II) aims to support Azerbaijan's transition to a more stable, inclusive, environmentally sustainable, and diversified market economy by (i) strengthening fiscal management, (ii) improving the governance and operations of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), and (iii) deepening private sector participation and green economy initiatives. The program is aligned with the country partnership strategy for Azerbaijan, 2019-2023 of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the operational priorities of ADB's Strategy 2030: (i) addressing remaining poverty and reducing inequalities; (ii) accelerating progress in gender equality; (iii) tackling climate change, building climate and disaster resilience, and enhancing environmental sustainability; and (iv) strengthening governance and institutional capacity.The program is designed under a policy-based lending modality, with two subprograms. The programmatic approach has been chosen as the appropriate modality for logically sequencing structural reforms under a multiyear framework, involving several agencies, as it provides flexibility for dynamic changes in the policy and macroeconomic environment. While subprogram 1 focuses on improving the legal, regulatory, and institutional framework, subprogram 2 supports measures for (i) effective and transparent fiscal and debt management, (ii) professional management and improved performance of SOEs, (iii) promotion of private sector development and access to finance, and (iv) climate-sensitive policy-making and green economic activities. The subprograms will improve the allocative efficiency of public and private resources.

DescriptionThe project is fully aligned with the strategy, articulated in ADB's country partnership strategy (CPS) for Nepal, 20202024, to focus on energy sector reform and financial sustainability. The project directly addresses three key Operational Priorities of ADB's Strategy 2030 (i) tackling climate change, building climate and disaster resilience, and enhancing environmental sustainability through increasing use of clean energy in Nepal and neighboring countries and contributing to climate and disaster resilience and enhancement of environmental sustainability; (ii) Strengthening governance and institutional capacity through promoting a step-change in institutional capacity and governance at NEA; and (iii) Fostering regional cooperation and integration through regional energy trade and connectivity with India and Bangladesh. The project will also address the following Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): zero poverty (SDG 1); affordable and clean energy (SDG 7); and climate action (SDG 13).ImpactElectricity access for all achieved (White Paper on Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation Sector's Current Status and Roadmap)Energy trade between South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC) countries increased (SASEC Operational Plan Update, 2016-2025)

DescriptionThe transactional technical assistance (TA) will assist Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA) and Dudhkoshi Jalvidyut Company Limited (DJCL), a subsidiary of NEA, to prepare the Dudh Koshi Hydropower Project and support the executing and implementing agencies during implementation of the project. A loan of $200 million of concessional ordinary capital resources (OCR), $350 million of regular OCR, and $20 million of Asian Development Fund (ADF) grant is proposed for this project. The ensuing loan and transaction TA is listed in the country operations business plan (COBP).

DescriptionThe project will dualize about 535 kilometers (km) of provincial highways in south Punjab from the existing two-lane to divided four-lane standards with road safety and climate resilience features. It will also engage concessionaires to conduct operations and maintenance for the project roads through tolling and performance-based maintenance approach. It will also support the government to (i) establish a dedicated entity with streamlined funding to manage all provincial highways in Punjab; (ii) conduct road safety assessment for the provincial highway network of Punjab and pilot the Safe System approach with a framework and action plan; and (iii) improve climate resilience of the road network and Communication and Works Department's disaster-response capability.ImpactSafe, affordable, efficient, durable, and environmentally friendly means of transport provided, ensuring reliable access to jobs, markets, education, and other services for all.

DescriptionThe project will support increased contributions of clean energy in Mongolia's energy mix while also supporting energy security, efficiency, and resilience. The project will finance the construction of a new 220 kilovolt (kV) transmission line to connect to the 90-megawatt (MW) Erdeneburen hydropower plant (HPP) to the existing grid network, which will increase supply in the Western Energy System (WES), eliminate costly and high-emission imports from the Russian Federation, and facilitate maximized utilization of wind and solar generating capacity. The project also includes a demonstration medium-depth ground source heat pump (MDGSHP) technology connected to the central district heating network in Kharkhorin to increase awareness and acceptance of this as a technically viable alternative to coal-fired heat only boilers in smaller district heating networks. The project will also strengthen institutional capacity across planning and operation of energy assets and in the potential role of cleaner technologies to support a transition to a cleaner energy mix in Mongolia.ImpactGreenhouse gas emissions reducedEnergy supply reliability and security increased

ImpactProgressive, just, and prosperous Indonesia realized by 2045.

DescriptionThe project will help the Government of Timor-Leste meet its transport sector priorities to enhance connectivity to markets and services and its social and national development agenda, through (i) rehabilitating and upgrading approximately 93.9 kilometers (km) of national road sections of Com-Lautem-Lospalos-Iliomar and four bridges in Lospalos, Tirilolo, and Irabere in the east and the south coast areas of the country, designed for better resilience to climate change and social inclusion; (ii) improving road asset management capacity and systems; and (iii) enhancing awareness of road safety and gender-related issues within the project area. The project supports continuing efforts of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and other development partners to help upgrade and sustain the country's national road network.ImpactCommunities connected and access to markets improved

DescriptionThe project will (i) reconstruct the 49 km Dangara-Guliston road (part of Asian Highway 66) involving rehabilitation of the existing degraded two-lane carriageway, and duplication to four lanes to accommodate growing demand; (ii) construct charging stations to extend the range of the growing national EV fleet in the two major economic centers in South Tajikistan: Dangara and Bokhtar; and (iii) support implementation of the CAREC climate change vision by developing transport sector policies as they relate to (a) supporting the development of climate-resilient, green road practices in Tajikistan; and (b) the establishment of enabling EV regulation and private sector investment frameworks.Impacttransport sector climate resilience improvedeconomic growth promoted

DescriptionThe proposed Timor-Leste Public Transport Project (TLPTP) will support the Government of Timor-Leste's planned public transport agenda to provide (i) a high-quality, sustainable public transport system that meets the needs of users for safety, comfort, security, convenience, affordability, accessibility, and availability, and (ii) a transparent and stable regulatory environment that encourages ongoing private sector investment and operations. The TLPTP is planned to transform interurban land transport and strengthen the position of Dili, the country's capital city, as the transport hub by integrating bus routes and providing convenient and comfortable bus terminals. The TLPTP will be aligned with the following impact: social equality and national unity promoted by having improved connectivity for all in Timor-Leste. The project will have the following outcome: reliable, resilient, and sustainable public transport services provided and access to public services and economic opportunities improved. The outputs of the project will be (i) climate-resilient and optimized public transport network system developed; (ii) institutional capacity strengthened; and (iii) regulatory framework for low carbon and climate-resilient development strengthened.ImpactSocial equality and national unity promoted by having improved connectivity for all in Timor-Leste

DescriptionThe Sustainable Energy Sector Development Program will support the Government of Papua New Guinea (PNG) in enhancing the adequacy and financial sustainability of low-carbon electricity supply for the country. It combines a programmatic approach of policy-based lending with a project investment component under two subprograms, one in 2024 ($100 million) and another in 2026 ($200 million). The policy component will support PNG's government in creating an enabling policy framework to restore the sustainability of the sector, turning around the national utility PNG Power Limited (PPL)'s performance, and increasing private sector participation to deliver clean, affordable, and reliable power. The reforms will be focused on: (i) transitioning to a low-carbon electricity supply, (ii) restoring the sector's financial sustainability, (iii) strengthening the PPL's operational capabilities, and (iv) enabling more efficient private sector participation in the sector. The project component will focus on urgent network repairs and revenue generating measures. The program supports the operational priorities (OPs) of ADB's Strategy 2030 by (i) addressing remaining poverty and reducing inequalities (OP1); (ii) accelerating progress in gender equality (OP2); (iii) tackling climate change, building climate and disaster resilience, and enhancing environmental sustainability (OP3); and (v) strengthening governance and institutional capacity (OP6).a It will contribute to the sustainable development goal 7: ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. The program is in line with the objectives of ADB's 2021 Energy Policy and Pacific Approach 20212025 and the country partnership strategy for PNG, 20212025 and is included in ADB's Indicative Country Pipeline and Monitoring Report for PNG, 20232025.e The program is also aligned with the goals of the Paris Agreement.ImpactEnabling critical infrastructure and ensuring energy security (Papua New Guinea Medium Term Development Plan IV 2023-2027)PNG's government has initiated measures to turn around the national utility PPL's performance commercially and operationally; and to create an enabling policy framework to restore the financial sustainability of the sector and build up capabilities to ensure clean, affordable, and reliable power supply in existing networks and to expand access to electricity.In its Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution, PNG has set the target of reaching 78% renewable energy (of all power generation capacity) by 2030b. Furthermore, PNG has set out the target of increasing the electrification rate to 70% by 2030b.

ImpactUrban-rural development recovered; and quality of life, green development, and regional development sustainability achieved

ImpactCarbon emission peaking and carbon neutrality achieved

DescriptionThe project aims to improve livelihoods, food security and climate and disaster resilience of selected rural communities in Atauro, Manufahi, Manatuto, Metinaro, and Oecussi. It will enhance resilience of agriculture-based communities through landscape management solutions that address water supply reliability and protect lives, farms and infrastructure from floods; and improve the productivity of farms and agroforestry through climate-smart approaches and enhance market linkages. The project follows a community-based approach where villagers plan and implement a combination of investments in water and rural infrastructure, agriculture and agroforestry, and capacity development. Government and village institutional capacity will be strengthened through technical support and training in infrastructure design and construction, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and landscape management. The project will support about 236,000 people by building 300 water, flood protection and rural infrastructure and by supporting climate-smart practices, landscape management, market linkages and capacity development.ImpactClimate resilience, food security and economic opportunities of Timorese people improved

DescriptionThe proposed project aims to improve the learning outcome of science education and the 21st century skills cultivating strong foundations needed for future labor force in this fast-changing and technology-driven societies. The PISA 2022 results revealed Mongolian secondary students' low comprehension in science, mathematics and reading. The learning context during the COVID-19 pandemic, characterized by TV and online-based learning, further weakened student competencies in these subjects in addition to existing challenges in the education sectorsuch as low teaching quality, changing and unclear curricula, and weak alignment with labor market demand skills. Therefore, to improve learning outcome of science education and the associated 21st century skills, Mongolia secondary students require hands-on drills and collaboration with peers supported by high quality teaching and laboratory-based learning as well as the quality content making strong relevance to real-world problems in the industries and issues around climate change. The project development objective will be achieved by output 1. Teachers' capacity for planning and teaching secondary students' science, mathematics and reading classes improved; output 2. Creative and innovative science and climate change education laboratory established; and output 3. School-enabling environment for innovative hands-on education and climate change education strengthened. Strong feature of the project is the establishment and operation of the creative and innovative laboratory that fosters hands-on experience in science and climate change education for both students and teachers. This space will be inclusive, catering to students with disabilities and those from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. The program will promote more female student participation and invite many female leaders in the science and technology who can become role models for students. The laboratory will serve as a hub for knowledge exchange among secondary students, scientists, and industry professionals, promoting skills development through internships, capstone projects, and specialized programs in leadership, project management, and entrepreneurship. It will support the implementation of programs tailored to students with disabilities and from poor families, and foster women's leadership in science and technology.ImpactEnhancing holistic development of Mongolian students to work and live in the digital era actively participating in sharing knowledge and experiences, and contributing to national socioeconomic development and climate change adaptation and mitigation.

Concept note public project number: 58003 -001 march 2024 proposed programmatic approach and policy -based loan for subprogram 1 republic of the philippines : public financial management reform program this document is being disclosed to the public in accordance with adb's access to information policy. currency equivalents as of 13 march 2024 currency unit - pesos P P1.00 = 0.0184272 52 1.00 = P55.42 abbreviations adb - asian development bank barmm - bangsamoro autonomous region in muslim mindanao bol - bangsamoro organic law brc - bangsamoro revenue code covid -19 - coronavirus disease dbm - department of budget and management gad - gender and development gdp - gross domestic product ifmis - integrated financial management information system imf - international monetary fund lgu - local government unit mtff - medium -term fiscal framework op - operational priority pdp - philippine development plan pefa - public expenditure and financial accountability pfm - public financial management - public -private partnerships sdg - sustainable development goal ta - technical assistance note s i the fiscal year fy of the government of the philippines ends on 31 december. "fy" before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., fy202 3 ends on 31 december 2023. ii in this report, refers to united states dollars. in preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the asian development bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.project classification information status : completeprogram at a glance1.project dataproject number 58003-001 project name public financial management reform program subprogram 1country philippines executing or implementing agencydepartment of financeborrower republic of the philippinessector office public sector management and governance sector officegeographical location countrysector public sector management subsector decentralizationpublic expenditure and fiscal managementcountry economic indicatorshttps:.adb.orgdocumentslinkeddocsid=58003-001-ceiportfolio at a glance https:.adb.orgdocumentslinkeddocsid=58003-001-portataglanceoperational prioritiesop1: addressing remaining poverty and reducing inequalitiesop2: accelerating progress in genderequalityop3: tackling climate change, building climate and disaster resilience, and enhancing environmental sustainabilityop6: strengthening governance and institutional capacitysustainable development goalssdg 1.bsdg 5.csdg 13.asdg 16.6sdg 17.17lending modalityprogrammatic approach policy-based lending loan 2.financingadb financing amount millionregular ordinary capital resources loan 500.00cofinancing amount millionnone 0.00counterpart amount millionnone 0.00total 500.00adb climate financing adbadaptation 70.00mitigation 30.00cofinancingadaptation 0.00mitigation 0.00total 100.00currency of adb financing: us dollar 3.climate changeabsolute ghg emissions tco2e per yearrelative ghg emissions tco2e per yearclimate change risk on the project without adaptation measures low4.private sector developmentprivate capital mobilized :05.safeguardscategory environment: " a" bth c" fiinvoluntary resettlement: indigenous peoples: " a" bth c" fi" a" bth c" fi6.gender equalitycategory " gen gender equity theme" sge some gender elementsth egm effective gender mainstreaming" nge no gender elements7.poverty targetingcategory th general intervention" geographic ti-g" individual or household ti-hsource:asiandevelopment bankthisdocument mustonlybegenerated ineops. generated date: 31-jan-2024 16:13:23 pm program concept note 1. program overview program number 58003 -001 program name public financial management reform program subprogram 1 country and borrower philippines sector office public sector management and governance sector office , sectors group modality policy-based lending policy -based lending type or financing option programmatic approach 2. the proposal program description the public financial management reform program is a key part of asian development bank adb support for the government of the philippine s' economic and social transformation plan in the p hilippine development plan pdp 2023-2028.a the program is aligned with the strategic pillar on accelerating infrastructure and long -term investments in adb's country partnership strategy for the philippines, 2018 -2023.b the program will contribute to four operational priorities ops of adb's strategy 2030: i op 1: addressing remaining poverty and reducing inequalities; ii op 2: accelerating progress in gen der equality; op 3: tackling climate change, building climate and disaster resilience, and enhancing environmental sustainability; and iv op 6: strengthening governance and institutional capacity. subprogram 1 is aligned with the goals of the paris agreement because it will build a public financial management pfm system conducive to catalyzing climate finance through public -private partnerships s and improv ing climate resilience and readiness among local government units lgus . this program complements the domestic resource mobilization program, which is being implemented by adb. a national economic and development authority. 2023. philippine development plan 2023 -2028 . manila. b adb. 2018. country partnership strategy : philippines , 2018 -2023 --high and inclusive growth . manila. choice of modality the program will take a programmatic approach , with two subprograms in 2022 -2026. subprogram 1 lays the foundation for strengthening pfm systems to foster private sector participation in public investments and address climate change . subprogram 2 aims to deepen accomplishments under subprogram 1 by introducing implementing rules and regulations in line with the pfm reform roadmap 20 24-2028. the programmatic approach will enable adb to not only deepen its engagement in the government's pfm priority agenda but also provide more comprehensive, more systematic support that builds upon adb's past and ongoing assistance. the program recognizes that successful pfm reform goes beyond having a clear regulatory framework and coordination between national and local governments. it entails enhancing the pfm systems of the national and local government s to allow them to pursue sustainable financing strategies . 3. program rationalebackground and development constraints macroeconomic contexts. the economy was badly hit by the coronavirus disease covid -19 pandemic with the gross domestic product gdp contract ing by 9.5 in 2020 . the economy has rebounded, with gdp expanding by 6.3 on average from 2021 to 2023, broadly in line with its growth rate prior to the pandemic . the government is continuing its prudent fiscal management with the fiscal deficit narrowing from an average of 7. 9 of gdp during 2020 -2022 to 6.2 of gdp in 2023. the national government debt declined from 60.9 of gdp in 20 22 to 60.2 of gdp in 2023. the macroeconomic outlook and fiscal conditions remain favorable with gdp growth projected at 6.0 in 2024 and 6.2 in 2025 .c debt is on track to falling below 60 of gdp by 2025 as programmed in the government's medium -term fiscal framework mtff. the mtff is anchored on additional revenue measures and ongoing reform s to enhance expenditure efficiency. the philippines ' sovereign investment grade credit ratings were affirmed in 2023 . gross international reserves were ample at102.7 billion at the end of february 2024, provid ing cover for 7.7 months of imports and service and income payments .d stepping up service delivery to address post -pandemic development challenges. the pandemic reversed gains in poverty alleviation. the poverty rate declined from 23.5 in 2015 to 16.7 in 2018, but more slowly than in other countries in southeast asia.e during the pandemic , the poverty incidence r ose to 18.1 in 2021, equivalent to 20 million poor people, an increase of 2.3 million from 2018. regional disparities are significant , with the highe st 2 poverty rates in mindanao 27.7 in 2021. the country faces significant challenges in achieving the sustainable development goals sdgs on eradicating poverty and reducing inequalities. the pandemic exacerbated preexisting challenges involving broadening of access to basic services e.g., health, nutrition, education, water, and sanitation ; social protection ; livelihoods ; transport ; and accessibility. women and girls are particularly vulnerable as they faced distinct challenges to their safety and well -being during the pandemic, such as limited access to health -care services, gender -based violence and other human rights violations, and economic insecurity. the world social protection report 2020 -2022 of the international labour organization shows that the country's social protection expenditure 2.6 of gdp , below the average 7.5 in asia and the pacific.f development constraints. the proposed program , which focus es on pfm , is a critical fiscal strategy for the government . the program aims to ensure sound fiscal management as envis ioned in the pdp 2023-2028 and complements the government's domestic resource mobilization to achieve the 2022 -2028 medium -term fiscal framework mtff .g the government has sound pfm laws, regulations, systems, and institutions aligned with international good practices , such as macroeconomic and fiscal projections, budget ceilings, and internal and external audits. despite the comprehensive pfm system, however, the country is grappling with converting public finances into efficient public service delivery.the 2016 public expenditure and financial accountability pefa assessment reported that the government's aggregate expenditure for the covered period varied by 85-115 of the original budget .h the variance highlights the challenges the government faces in maintain ing fiscal discipline and adhering to the parameters set in the approved budget . the variance also reflects the government's ability to pursue its policy objectives as intended in the budget. outdated and inefficient public financial management system. the government has proactively improved its pfm systems to be more transparent and modernized. however, t he post-pandemic challenges call for a more efficient pfm system to ensure that budget proposals from line agencies will undergo extensive preparation and be implemented on time . first, the government's budgeting system has traditionally been obligation budgeting . under obligation budgeting, contracts awarded within a fiscal year can be disbursed even after the end of the year, thereby discouraging agencies from carry ing out project planning, preparation, and monitoring, ultimately causing delays. consequently, the 2016 pefa assessment rated the philippines' aggregate expenditure outturn performance d, well below the average b rating in asia and the pacific footnote i . second, private sector participation in public investment is instrumental to sustain much -needed spending on health, education, infrastructure, and other social assistance programs envis ioned in the 2022 -2028 mtff. however, the private sector, mainly through s, accounted for 15.3 billion --only 13.3 of the total 115.3 billion public investments --in 2015-2021 .i private sector resources must be mobilized further to bridge the public investment gap and develop credible infrastructure pipelines . several factors continue to hamper the use of as a modality to financ e public services, including unclear linkages of with development priorities such as climate change and gender development. line agencies often have limited capacity to prepare bankable projects , undertake complex risk sharing , and employ environmental and social safeguards . as a result, they heavily rely on unsolicited proposals. last, the pfm system has not realized its full pot ential th rough digital transformation. the department of budget and management dbm has rolled out the integrated financial management information system ifmis . however, the ifmis is still not harmonized across and fully implemented in all national agencies and lgus, resulting in ineffective management and monitoring of public funds . emerging chal lenges from devolution of functions to local governments. fiscal decentralization has constituted the government's key strategy in response to covid -19. in 2021, the government approved executive order no. 138 on the full devolution of functions to lgus to implement the mandanas ruling.j since then, the national tax allotments for lgus have increase d, reaching 15.7 billion in 2024, up by 6.2 from 14.8 billion in 2023 .k despite rising national tax allotments , many lgus, especially those in remote regions , continue to face challenges in delivering public services devolved to them. first, the lgu income classification is used to determin e lgus' capability to carry out development programs and projects, as well as to adjust compensation for lgu personnel . however, the outdated classification has been a long -standing issue that hinders local autonomy and the fiscal sustainability of lgus . second, the devolution of functions requires an equalization mechanism to allocate additional fiscal resources to lgus that are unable to handle the transferred functions . however, the 3 establishment and implementation of such a mechanism are still pending . as a result , disparities among lgus persist, limiting the complete realization of fiscal decentralization . third , lgus are at the forefront of tackling climate vulnerabilities. however, budget allocation for climate -related investments has been inadequate to bridge the philippines' climate financing gap of 6. 1 billion annually . the budget for climate change adaptation and mitigation increased from 3.5 billion in 2017 to 5.2 billion in 2022, but its share in the total budget declined from 7.0 to 5. 8.l lgus' climate -related spending focuses on post-disaster activities such as cash assistance, resettlement, and reconstruction , while investments in climate resilience and preparedness remain largely limited. lagging public financial management in the bangsamoro autonomous region in muslim mindanao. developing a well -functioning pfm system in the bangsamoro autonomous region in muslim mindanao barmm is crucial for building peace and granting barmm greater autonomy in fiscal management and service delivery. an efficient pfm system is the foundation for efficient service delivery to foster trust between citizens and the bangsamoro government in the fragile and conflict -affected region. with the enactment of the bangsamoro organic law bol in 2018, t he government is taking steps to establish new pfm institutions in an environment where most public services are traditionally provided by national and regional government agencies. the c hallenges to fiscal planning and budget preparation stem from the limited linkages and clear intergovernmental fiscal relations between the national government and lgus in barmm. fundamental pfm systems , especially local government codes, budget processes , revenue collection , and internal and external audit functions , have not been established . the result has been low transparency and accountability of lgus to citizens, as well as inadequate capacities of local government officials to proactively manage revenues and expenditures. finally, with the ongoing implementation of the mandanas ruling, barmm needs to develop its own pfm tools and frameworks , and strengthen the pfm capacities of barmm agencies and constituent lgus to decentralize public services. c philippine statistics authority. 2024. gdp expands by 5.6 percent in the fourth quarter of 2023: brings the full -year 2023 gdp growth rate to 5.6 percent . manila. d development budget coordination committee . 2023. 186th dbcc joint statement on review of the medium -term macroeconomic assumptions and fiscal program for fy2023 -fy2028. manila. e bangko sentral ng pilipinas . gross international reserves accessed 18 january 2024 . f international labour organization. 2021. world social protection report 2020 -22. geneva. g senate of the philippines. 2022. concurrent resolution no. 3 --supporting the 2022 -2028 medium -term fiscal framework of the national government . manila. h world bank. 2016. public financial management and accountability assessment: philippines. washington , dc. i senate economic planning office. 2023. policy brief: advancing public -private partnerships in the philippines. manila. j the mandanas ruling mandates that the base national government revenues used to determine the mandated 40 internal revenue allotments to lgus are not limited to national internal revenue taxes collected by the bureau of internal revenue . the base national government revenues comprise all national taxes , such as tariffs, customs duties, and other taxes, fees, and charge s collected by agents of the national government , including the bureau of customs. the ruling enables lgus to take on more responsibilities in accordance with the 1991 local government code, which is aligned with the decentralization principle of funding following functions. k dbm. 2023. national expenditure program fy2024. manila. l philippine climate change commission . 202 2. philippines' climate budget brief: fy2022 . manila. sector assessment reform areas, adb's value addition, and sustainability government's reform agenda. the pro gram is aligned with the government's overarching goal of economic and social transformation in the pdp 2023-2028 . the government acknowledges that a fair and efficient pfm system is a key strategy to achieve the 2022-2028 mtff . the mtff aims to reduc e public debt to below 60 of gdp by 2025 and fiscal deficits to below 3 by 2028 . as fiscal consolidation progresses , the government needs to foster sound fiscal management, bureaucratic efficiency , and good governance practices national ly and local ly. doing so is essential to maximize the benefits from government revenues , public spending , and private sector financing . climate change has become increasingly complex and daunting , posing threat s to the livelihood s of women, local communities, and vulnerable groups . the philippines is committed to its nationally determined contribution under the paris agreement , which includes reducing green house gas emission s by 75 in agriculture, waste, industry, transport, and energy from 2020 to 2030 . to tackle climate vulnerabilities and achieve its nationally determined contribution targets, the government recognizes that the philippines is at a critical juncture . it must establish a pfm ecosystem that encourages local communities to ramp up investments in climate resilience and preparedness. 4 adb program. a programmatic approach enables adb to align its support with the government's pfm reform priorities over a medium - to long -term horizon. the program includes two subprograms to be implemented in 2022 -2026, covered by a medium -term results framework to ensure the long -term engagement necessary for pfm reforms. subprogram 1 consists of 12 policy actions to be accomplished by june 202 4, of which 3 are pertinent to gender mainstreaming. they are closely aligned with the pdp 2023-2028 and will lay the foundati on for the ensuing, more -targeted policy actions under subprogram 2. reform area 1: national public financial management frameworks improved . this reform area aims to strengthen the national pfm framework by moderniz ing key pfm functions and creating an enabling environment that encourages private sector participation in public investments. first, the government will endorse and submit the senate bill on budget modernization . the proposed law will institute a cash budgeting system to expedite the government's budget utilization and encourage line agencies to propose implementation -ready projects. unlike the existing obligation budgeting , where the budget system reflects contractual obligations or commitments , cash budgeting shows actual disbursements , which are more accurately the government's annual outputs and outcomes. second, the government will enact the public-private partnership code of the philippines . the code will foster private sector participation in public investments and strengthen the existing regulatory framework under the build -operate -transfer law by : i integrat ing climate resilience, sustainability, and gender and development gad policies in projects; ii uphold ing high standards of environmental and social safeguards; boosting the bankability of projects; iv ensur ing efficient risk allocation between the government and the private sector ; and v empowering implementing agencies, including lgus, to undertake projects with a more streamlined decision -making and approval process . third, t he government will approve an executive order to modernize pfm processes through the ifmis. the executive order harmonize s key pfm functions , including budget management, budget execution, cash management, and accounting and reporting . fourth, the government will approve an executive order to institutionalize the open government partnership, an international platform of the national and local governments and civil society organizations . the executive order aims to promote transparency and citizens ' participation in government processes, strengthening social accountability and empowering citizens . last, the government will bridge the gap in the pfm system by adopting the national asset management plan , which mandates government agencies to implement an asset management system to improve the accountability, sustainability, and financial efficiency o f government assets . subprogram 2 will further strengthe n budget efficiency and transparency and expand the use of digital pfm platforms, building upon accomplishments under subprogram 1. reform area 2: fiscal decentralization for climate -resilient service delivery fostered . this reform area will foster regulatory and institutional framework reforms for fostering local investment s in climate resilience and preparedness . the reform area will support the formulation and implementation of devolution plans under the mandanas ruling . first, the government will enact a law on automatic income classification of lgus to ensure a more equitable and rational system for lgu income classification based on the actual growth rate of annual regular income . the law will tackle issues of outdated lgu income classification and ensure that lgus are adequately financed and equipped with the resources needed to achieve fiscal sustainability and autonomy . second, the government will establish the growth equity fund to resolve the issues of inequality and disparities in lgu fiscal capacities by providing the funding requirements of poor, disadvantaged, and lagging lgus . the fund will serve as an equalization mechanism to provide additional fiscal resources for lagging lgus to efficiently implement the functions and services devolved to them in line with the mandanas ruling . third, the government will roll out the enhanced public financial management assessment tool f or lgus, a web -based electronic self -assessment platform designed to evaluat e lgus' pfm performance and compliance with gad requirements under the magna carta for women . last, the government will implement disaster response capability mapping for lgus : a disaster risk preparedness and management database for lgus . the database will help strengthen coordination and collaboration on disaster risk management procedures among lgus and promote local community participation in disaster risk assessment and mitigation . subprogram 2 will help implement the mandanas ruling and promote lgu roles in climate finan ce, building upon subprogram 1 . 5 reform area 3: bangsamoro public financial management system established . this reform area aims to establish the pfm foundation for fiscal autonomy and accountability in barmm as enshrined in the bol. the bangsamoro government will create three essential pfm legal frameworks, through the intergovernmental fiscal policy board , which consists of representatives from the national and bangsamoro government s. first, the bangsamoro local governance code will be enacted to establish a comprehensive intergovernmental fiscal framework for the bangsamoro region . the code will provide guidance on the relationship between lgus and the bangsamoro government, covering various aspects such as devolution of functions, revenue sharing, compliance with gad requirements, and empowerment of lgus and local communities . second, the bangsamoro government will endorse and submit the bangsamoro budget system act to th e bangsamoro parliament . the act will establish the legal framework for key budget processes , including budget preparation, execution, and monitoring processes in line with gad requirements under the bol . the b angsamoro budget system act will ensure accountability, reporting, and fiscal oversight mechanisms consistent with the climate change expenditure tagging principles of the bangsamoro government . third, the bangsamoro government will endorse and submit the bangsamoro revenue code brc to the bangsamoro parliament . the code will establish revenue mobilization frameworks to mobilize revenues from capital gain s, documentary stamp, donors ', and estate tax es. the government will adopt and implement medium -term budget and fiscal policy frameworks , as well as a macroeconomic monitoring forecasting tool through the biannual publication of macroeconomic and fiscal forecasts . subprogram 2 will further expand and deepen the pfm frameworks and functions , including the brc, the budget operations manual for lgus in the bangsamoro region , and the budget execution system. adb's value addition and sustainability . adb supports all three reform areas through policy dialogue, knowledge work, and legal advice . under reform area 1, adb has helped dbm prepare the pfm reform roadmap 2024 -2028 and undertake the public expenditure and financial accountability pefa incorporating gender equity, climate resilience, and disaster management in pfm . adb's technical assistance ta, financed by the urban climate change resilience trust fund , enabled the center to form a panel of project development consultants to prepare projects and ensure project compliance with social and gender safeguards . adb provid ed ta to develop the implementing rules and regulations of the recently enacted code. under reform area 2, adb's long -standing engagement with local governance reform since 2006 has laid the foundation for adb's active dialogue with the government on fiscal decentralization . adb supported the transition plans needed to prepare national government agencies and lgus for the devolution of public services. adb helped strengthen local capacity to mainstream gender development in planning and budgeting, and to align them with national plans and the sdgs . under reform area 3, adb 's ta financed by the japan fund for prosperous and resilient asia and the p acific provided legal advice and capacity building to the ministry of finance, budget, and management mfbm of the bangsamoro government for crafting the key pfm regulations , including the b angsamoro local government code and the brc . adb trained mfbm to use macroeconomic and fiscal forecasting tools for fiscal planning and benchmarked mfbm's treasury operation s with the bureau of treasury. adb is discussing with dbm the prepar ation of the pfm reform road map 2024 -2028 and the assessment of the p efa, which will be used as the program's outcome indicators. the reform outcomes will be sustained by including the medium -term results framework. the post -program partnership framework is envis ioned in subprogram 2. adb's experience and lessons. adb has been a key long -term partner for pfm reform, providing programmatic lending, project investment, and ta . in local governance and fiscal decentralization, adb's engagement in 2006 -2015 focused on lgus ' capacity to deliver services in line with the local government code of 1991 . as the government embarked on the devolution of public services in 2020 , adb engagement was geared to improving the quality and efficiency of service delivery under existing structures, while equipping lgus with the tools, skills, and incentives to better perform their roles . since 2016, adb engagement support has encompassed domestic resource mobilization , especially for the comprehensive tax reform progra m, the 2022 -2028 mtff , and real property tax reform. three key lessons have been incorporated into the program design. first, achieving the long-term national development objectives and the sdgs is at the center of pfm reforms . the program is designed to build momentum to achiev e the national and international development agenda s, including poverty reduction, gender equality, and climate change. second, covid -19 has had profound impact s, putting unprecedented pressure on the government to meet increasing 6 needs for public services and to maintain a sound fiscal position. the program is designed to not only foster efficiency and transparency of public funds but also build a pfm system conducive to private sector participation in public services. last, digital technology opens opportunities for the government to seamlessly integrate pfm functions and share information across government agencies and lgus .n the program aims to modernize key pfm functions through digital technology. development coordination. the program builds upon coordinated assistance provided by adb and other development partners to ensure policy action complementarities and synergies. adb has worked in synch with the pefa secretariat to ensure the consistency of policy actions with pefa recommendations. adb collaborated with agence francaise de developpement to monitor lgus' resilience readiness . adb had regular dialogue with the governments of australia and canada on support for project development and with the japan international cooperation agency on pfm reform in barmm. adb liaises with the international monetary fund imf and the world bank to ensure the alignment of pfm -related support and interventions with macroeconomic and fiscal assessment. overall policy coordination has been effective, resulting in various reforms that have been institutionalized and sustained under the government's leadership. n adb. 2023. local governance reform program: completion report. manila. expected outcome of the reform the program outcome is efficient and inclusive national and local pfm systems enhanced. the program is aligned with the government's overarching goal of economic and social transformation in the pdp 2023-2028 footnote a. the design of the program's results framework is based on a theory of change . it states that effective pfm reforms should not only convert fiscal resources into efficient service delivery but also help the philippines catch up with the pfm performance of peer jurisdictions in asia and the pacific . the framework tackles the country's long -term development objectives , including gender equality and climate change. development financing needs and budget support in 202 4, the government's total gross borrowing requirement is estimated at 4 4.3 billion. the government plans to raise about 3 3.4 billion from the issuance of treasury bills and bonds, 6.0 billion from official development assistance, and 4. 9 billion from external bonds. the programmatic approach is estimated to cost 1 billion and will comprise policy -based loans for two subprograms of 500 million each. the size of the loans is based on the philippines' financing needs, reform impacts, and development spending. adb close ly coordinated with the imf and the world bank to ensure complementarities of adb's reform support and alignment of macroeconomic and fiscal assessment. o dbm. 2024. budget of expenditures and sources of financing fy2024 . manila. implementation arrangements the department of finance will be the executing agency. the bureau of local government finance , dbm, department of the interior and local govern ment, intergovernmental fiscal policy board of the d epartment of finance , and the center will be the implementing agencies. the implementation period will be from july 2022 to june 202 4 for subprogram 1 and from july 202 4 to june 202 6 for subprogram 2. 4. due diligence due diligence requirements the following assessments will be carried out: i economic impact ; ii gender ; climate change ; iv safeguards ; v pfm ; and vi public sector management. the reform measures do not specifically target groups of beneficiaries by income or location. however, the proposed program will benefit poor and vulnerable groups through a more efficient and inclusive pfm system that ushers in sustainable financing of pro -poor public spending , such as infrastructure, education, health, social assistance, and other public services. subprogram 1 is expected to be classified as effective gender mainstreaming . pfm reform s can contribute to the government's efforts in promoting gender equality . identifying, developing, and implementing effective gender -sensitive programs across national government agencies and lgus are critical in ensuring adequate public service delivery for women, girls, and vulnerable groups. because gender mainstreaming encompasses all three reform areas , it constitutes a key consideration in the program design . the progra m helps ensur e that fiscal resources are adequately channeled to promoting gender equality in line with the gad requirements under the magna carta on women. subprogram 1 is expected to be classified as category c for all safeguard aspects. none of the policy actions adversely affect s the environment or may lead to dismantling of 7 environmental regulations. no significant adverse impact on the environment or community health or safety is anticipated. no policy action will involve civil works. no land acquisition and involuntary resettlement are foreseen. policy actions do not target or exclude indigenous peoples; thus, no differential positive impacts are expected. 5. stakeholder engagement the program emphasizes the need for broad -based participation by citizens, the private sector, and civil society to establish effective pfm systems for national and local development. the program will use government processes to consult civil society stakeholders on devolved public services under the mandanas ruling. the enactment of the code of the philippines strengthened consultation with civil society and stakeholders , such as the philippine commission on women and the philippine chamber of commerce , on developing projects to ensure compliance with national social, gender, and environmental safeguard requirements . the bangsamoro women commission was consulted to ensure that the pfm reforms resolve gender -related issues . 6. program category track 1 no objection procedure track 2 full board discussion 7. resource requirements about 6 person -months of international and 24 person -months of national adb staff inputs will be required to process the proposed program. processing will be aided by a project preparatory ta facility of 3,524, , of which 300, has been allocated to this program, to be financed from adb's technical assistance special fund tasf -other source s.p p adb. 2022. technical assistance for southeast asia public management, financial sector, and trade policy facility phase ii . manila. 8. key issues the success of the program counts on the government 's strong commitment to pushing forward pfm reforms and implementing them. adb, through the one adb approach, is providing ta support in coordination with other development partners such as the agence francaise de developpement , imf, japan international cooperation agency , and world bank. 9. indicative timeline milestone expected completion date concept note clearance march 2024 fact-finding mission may 2024 adb approval november 2024 loan signing november 2024 10. team composition a. adb program team team leader s aekapol chongvilaivan, senior economist public finance, public sector management and governance sector office, sectors group sg-psmg hosung park, public management specialist, sg -psmg team members meenakshi p. ajmera, principal safeguards specialist, office of safeguards osfg ruby u. alvarez, senior project officer infrastructure, philippines country office phco , southeast asia department serd ruth de guzman benigno, project analyst, sg -psmg dionisio ii d. camangon, senior markets development advisory specialist, advisory division 2, office of markets development and public-private partnership nanki kaur, senior climate change specialist climate change adaptation, c limate change, resilience, and environment cluster, climate change and sustainable development department ccsd ivy laurente, operations assistant, sg -psmg henry ma, senior economist, macroeconomics research division, economic research and development impact department teresa b. mendoza, senior economics officer, phco, serd antoine morel, principal environment specialist, osfg ruslan nurbekov, counsel, o ffice of the general counsel myra evelyn p. ravelo , financial management specialist ; public financial management division ; procurement, portfolio, and financial management department chieko yokota, gender specialist, g ender equality division, ccsd 8 b. supporting departments climate change and sustainable development department ; controller's department ; economic research and development impact department ; procurement, portfolio, and financial management department ; and s trategy, policy, and partnerships department c. sector peer reviewer jhelum tini thomas, senior public management specialist, sg-psmg

DescriptionThe proposed Second Disaster Resilience Improvement Program will support the government in strengthening its policies and institutional frameworks on DRRM, including disaster response, at national and subnational levels. In so doing, it will help the Philippines adopt an anticipatory approach to disaster response and achieve long-term resilience by addressing underlying sources of risks in its systems.ImpactDisaster risk resilience of communities and institutions increased, and government functions, systems and mechanisms rationalized and strengthened.

DescriptionThe program is aligned with the following impact: individuals reach their full potential and contribute to the social, economic and cultural development of Georgia as a sustainable knowledge-based society (footnote 14). The outcome will be secondary education system better equips the country's youth with the core competencies to succeed in post- secondary education and higher-productivity jobs of the future. The policy component of the sector development program (SDP) will adopt a tranche-based approach to enable strategically sequenced reforms and sustainable results relating to school autonomy and excellence, school and teacher management, modern curriculum implementation, examination and assessment that meets international standards, and cost-effective sector management. Policy actions under tranche 2 build on tranche 1 reforms and ensure their implementation. Each program output will have policy reform and investment components reinforcing each other.ImpactProspects for individuals to reach their full potential and contribute to the social, economic, and cultural development of Georgia as a sustainable knowledge-based society and strong civil society enhanced (National Unified Strategy for Education and Science of Georgia, 20222032)

DescriptionThe project road section is part of the A380 network between Bukhara and Nukus. The project will modernize a bypass section of the 4-lane dual carriageway of the A380 (581-673km) of about 92 km from Turtkul towards Nukus. The project will also develop the institutional capacity of the Committee for Roads under the Ministry of Transport, strengthen the traffic management and vehicle overloading control, improve the quality control of road works, and increase road safety. The project will also enhance climate change resilience measures by designing the road elevations, alignments and structures that are less susceptible to flooding, heavy snowfall, and landslides and that incorporates the adverse risks of climate conditions.ImpactRegional trade and economic connectivity on the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridor 2 is enhanced, particularly between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan.

DescriptionThe project is aligned with ADB's Country Partnership Strategy for Uzbekistan (2019-2023): (i) supporting private sector development; and (ii) reducing economic and social disparities by promoting rural development.The project will help the Government of Uzbekistan (GOU) to achieve its climate actions set in its Updated Nationally Determined Contribution report, including (i) reducing GHG emission intensity by 35% below the 2010 level in 2030; (ii) improving water management system; (ii) expanding forest areas; (iii) restoring degraded pastures and introduce sustainable pasture management mechanisms.ImpactStable provision of livestock products and food security improved (Program for the Development of the Livestock Sector for 20222026).Carbon intensity of livestock sector reduced (Updated Nationally Determined Contribution Report).

DescriptionBangladesh, with a population of 174 million, is the second-largest economy in South Asia, the 25th largest in the world by purchasing power parity and its economy has grown steadily with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth averaging 7.6% during fiscal year (FY) 2016-2019. The high levels of poverty have fallen consistently over the past decades, declining from 49.0% in FY2000 to 20.5% in FY2019. Post coronavirus pandemic, Bangladesh is one of the fastest growing economies in the world with annual GDP growth at 3.4% in fiscal year (FY) 2020, 6.9% in FY2021, and 7.1% in FY2022. Bangladesh's Eighth Five-Year Plan (FY2021FY2025) targets attaining an annual 8.5% GDP growth, further reducing poverty, and raising living standards of people of Bangladesh with the long-term aim of becoming an upper-middle-income country by 2031 and a high-income country by 2041.Impact(i)Uninterrupted power supply for rural areas of Bangladesh achieved. (Eighth Five-Year Plan of Bangladesh, July 2020

DescriptionThe proposed KWSP Phase 2 will (i) provide piped water supply for the currently unserved population, with provisions for system expansion until 2050; (ii) implement climate resilient and sustainable solutions to address source water salinity ingress during the dry season; (iii) improve the smart water management capacity of KWASA by expanding the existing supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) and district metering areas (DMAs) to manage non-revenue water (NRW), improving the billing system, and establishing smart monitoring and warning systems to manage source water salinity and abstraction, and (iv) enhance institutional capacity for sustainable management of the water supply and sewerage systems.ImpactSafe water supply and sanitation facilities ensured in a sustainable manner leaving no one behind (8th Five Year Plan [20202025] of Bangladesh)

DescriptionFormer project name: Chongqing Nature-Based, Green, Low-Carbon, and High-Quality Urban Development DemonstrationImpactGreen, low-carbon, and nature-based city establishedChongqing Gaoxin District's contribution to CO2 peaking and carbon neutrality target supported

Impact(i) Health and well-being of the population promoted (Healthy Shaanxi 2030) (ii) Primary health care services and disease detection capacity for aging populations enhanced (14th Five Year Plan on Health Development 2021-2025)

ImpactExpanded and upgraded infrastructure, accelerate climate action, and strengthen disaster resilience, establishing livable communities

DescriptionThe proposed program will help the Government of Georgia strengthen resilience to external shocks by improving the performance management of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), deepening local capital markets for effective public debt management, and enhancing the social protection system. The program will build on the foundation laid by earlier programs of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in the country to improve fiscal resilience and social protection. The program is in line with ADB's country partnership strategy for Georgia, 2019-2023, and is also aligned with ADB's Strategy 2030 operational priorities (OPs): (i) OP1 on addressing remaining poverty and reducing inequalities; (ii) OP2 on accelerating progress in gender equality; (iii) OP3 on tackling climate change, building climate and disaster resilience, and enhancing environmental sustainability; and (iv) OP6 on strengthening governance and institutional capacity.

DescriptionThe $156.3 million project aims to improve urban services and climate resilience by investing in priority water supply and stormwater drainage infrastructure and supporting urban reforms including improving ULBs' own revenue base. The project will also support studies for future urban investments with due consideration to climate resilience.ImpactUrban livability of target towns improved with better service delivery and climate and disaster resilience.

DescriptionTVET Teachers for Future (TTF) Results Based Lending (RBL) program will support the Government of Bangladesh to improve equitable availability of qualified TVET teachers. The TTF-RBL program supports (i) Inclusive provision of modern TVET teacher training expansion; (ii) strengthening of pedagogical and technical skills of TVET teachers and educators in modern and emerging technologies, and (iii) improvement of TVET teacher management, development, and reporting system.ImpactAccess to decent employment and competitiveness in the global market improved.

ImpactCambodia's water resources management made climate-adaptive and sustainable to support social and economic growth and protect ecosystem

DescriptionThe proposed project would support the Government of Mongolia in developing a cohesive national financial, legal, and policy framework that would be the basis for delivery of integrated elderly care services while clearly delineating roles and responsibilities for agencies such as the MLSP, MOH, and Ministry of Finance (MOF) and aimag level structures. Best practices on delivery of elderly care services from other countries such as the People's Republic of China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea would be studied and adapted as appropriate. Innovative financing mechanisms for elderly care such as publicprivate partnerships will also be explored.ImpactHealth and well-being of older persons in Mongolia improved

DescriptionThe proposed project will support the development of a comprehensive approach to early warning system (EWS) by putting in place the five key elements of EWS in a cycle (i) risk knowledge with appropriate assessment, (ii) detection and surveillance networks, monitoring and analysis, (iii) forecasting and warning, (iv) dissemination and communication, and (v) preparedness and response capacity. These elements are fundamental needs for early warning system for all kind of hazards including epidemics and pandemics. Lack of or inadequate interventions or poor performance of any of these elements in the cycle may lead to the failure of the entire EWS. To achieve an outcome of effective EWS, the system should (i) involve the people and communities at risk from a range of hazards; (ii) link EWS to contingency plans, adequately supported by physical and social infrastructure; (iii) utilize cutting edge technologies to enhance efficiency; (iv) promote inclusiveness; and (v) engage all stakeholders at different levels. At present, integrated EWS is not available in Mongolia, and its need is becoming even more apparent during recent national emergencies. In Mongolia, early warning information is available only for selected hazards such as earthquakes in and around Ulaanbaatar. Likewise, meteorological forecast alone is often regarded as warning information. Investment in comprehensive EWS for critical hazards through proper assessment is therefore urgently needed in Mongolia. The proposed project will also result in significant capacity building and awareness raising about disaster risk management and the role of disaster risk reduction strategies. The proposed loan will build on existing capacity and activities within the National Emergency and Management Agency as well as coordinate with stakeholders in the sector.ImpactMongolia's resilience to disasters enhancedDisaster resilience in developing member countries strengthened